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How To Design Better AI Apps

May 23, 2025· 30 min· 98K views·Watch on YouTube

Speaker

Pete Kumman, YC partner and Optimizely founder, discusses how to design AI apps with The Breakdown hosts at Y Combinator.

Why AI features can add work

Kumman contrasts coding tools like Cursor and Windsurf, which help users create what they imagine, with AI features in familiar apps that can feel like extra work. In Gmail, a draft agent turns a short request about his sick daughter into a formal email that does not sound like him. The prompt is nearly as long as the draft.

Let users shape how AI works

Kumman says generic system prompts can produce safe, one-size-fits-all results. He demonstrates that a prompt describing his role and preference for short emails produces a draft closer to his own style. He argues that users should be able to inspect and adjust these instructions.

Build beyond the old app model

Kumman uses the “horseless carriage” analogy for adding AI to existing software without redesigning it around AI’s capabilities. He compares this to early search engines that were digital directories and mobile apps that were websites in native wrappers. For email, he proposes an agent that can label, archive, and draft messages according to personal instructions.

Teach agents and give them tools

Kumman describes AI models as capable assistants that need users to explain what work to do. He suggests agents could learn from past work and feedback, while users retain access to the instructions when they need to correct them. With tools connected across email, Slack, calendars, and documents, agents could handle repetitive workflows across apps.

Design to offload repetitive work

Kumman advises founders to rethink existing tools from the ground up instead of simply inserting a chatbot. He says product teams should ask how AI can take repetitive work off users’ hands so they can focus on what matters.

Takeaways

  • Test AI features against the time and effort they add, not just the quality of their output.
  • Let users shape an agent’s instructions so its behavior fits their work and preferences.
  • Use user feedback and past work to help agents learn, while keeping their instructions inspectable.
  • Give agents tools to complete tasks across apps, rather than limiting them to chat responses.
  • When redesigning a product for AI, start with the repetitive work users want to offload.

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